Pseudaulaсaspis pentagona Tar. Tozz.,

 

        In recent years, Azerbaijan widespread dangerous pest of forest, fruit and ornamental plants - mulberry Jose scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentаgona Targ.Tozz). About 20-25% of the plants are already infected with this the pest . Multi-core, high fecundity of this pest allows him widespread, easy to get accustomed to the new environment. In large numbers they occur in Lankaran-Astara zone, as well as in Masalli and Yardimli. In the villages and towns in the Absheron and Guba-Khachmaz zone they are widespread and very damaging. The weakness of the quarantine work in the country, allows extensive development and spread of this pest.
        Female scale insects flap is widely oval or round shape. They are white, have a 2-x larval skins; one larval skin is pale yellow in color and the other yellow-gold color. Body guard inside an oval or round, can not see any limbs or eyes. The body is usually yellowish, sometimes lemon and orange, yellowish-orange color.
        Nymphal plate in males bright, long, has 1 larval skin, which is in the upper part of the panel. The sides are reinforced with 2 longitudinal grooves. The larval skin is soft, where males develop. The adult males are observed wings, 3 pairs of limbs, eyes. Has a yellowish orange colour. Clearly visible long copulatory organ. The birthplace of the scale insects are East Asia, China, Japan and Karelia. Infected plants this pest, were transported to European countries, where there is a subtropical climate. The pest has spread from plant material from Asia to many countries of subtropical climate.It began to show aggressive and was soon ranked among the most dangerous pests of crops.
        For the former Soviet Union Pseudaulacaspis pentаgona Targ.Tozz  has never been a serious problem. It was discovered in the 30s on the coast of Abkhazia and Adjara. At first it hurts to cherry, peach, lilac later expanded range of host plants. It was believed that the area of mulberry scale insects is limited in Sukhumi and its surroundings. However, in 1986 ,  identified a large outbreak of the pest on mulberry around Batumi. Dwelling  on the mulberry, the vast territory of Batumi and its surroundings causing considerable damage. Pursued  the fight against this pest, reducing their area of distribution.
        Scale Pseudaulacaspis pentаgona Targ.Tozz  polyphage harms plants belonging to 54 families and 121 sorts. In Azerbaijan, this pest is upholstered in fruit trees (apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry, especially on mulberry), causes great damage.
        In Lankaran they harm subtropical crops, namely, lemons and oranges. Dwelling on mulberry, they create huge colonies on the trunk and branches; thus within 3-4 years the trees die.In Lankaran they are also harmful decorative trees, acacia and willow.
        Women of this pests winter. In Lankaran zone  Pseudaulacaspis pentаgona on mulberry and willow gives 3 generations. In mid-March pest emerge from hibernation. In the average daily temperature 12-140С individuals begin to grow and as a result in the ovary formed eggs. Females lay eggs in II-III decade of April. The eggs are oval in shape and are colored (light yellow, dark yellow and orange). Eggs are whitish soft wax their ends attached to each other and form a chain. Usually on chains have 10-12 eggs. Oviposition lasts 30-40 days. Under guard eggs come until mid-May. After a 6-8 day of embryonic development of eggs hatch into larvae - "tramp." In early May there is a mass hatching of larvae. Larvae from a few hours to 1-2 days are active. Larvae are seeking a suitable place to attach and begin to suck their juice. Find a comfortable place, they go to a sedentary lifestyle and begin to secrete the wax filaments and thus form the original panel. Females attach to old shoots and branches, and males a young shoots. Sometimes Pseudaulacaspis pentаgona , covering shoots tree branches form a colony. In these colonies nymphal shields males, females are not covering allows parasites to infect them.
        In 15-18 days the larvae age I developed and transferred to the larvae II age. At the end of May to early June, males and females from each other sharply differ. At this time round with a white shield females can be easily discerned from the elongated flap of males, males guard with one hand free.
It is worth noting that the only kind of Pseudaulacaspis pentаgona, whose eggs are colored, whitish-yellow, yellow, yellow-orange. Depending on the color of the eggs hatched larvae - tramp, too, are colorful, namely, yellow and orange. A whitish-yellow, yellow shield larvae sometimes whitish transparent larvae have orange shield has a golden color. Thus, the larvae age I clearly visible sexual dimorphism. In I-II decade of June II larvae age turn into females. At this time the male begins flight. The mass flight of males occurs within 15-20 days. After mating, the males die. Not having mouthparts, they live only 2-3 days. Females after fertilization, the male lay eggs. The females of this generation start laying eggs in the II and III decade of June and continues until the end of June. In II and III decade of June starts development II generation. Males II generation emerge in early August. In II-III decade of August begins the development of the egg-laying females of generation III. Departures males observed at the end of September and the first half of October.
        Various environmental factors influence the stray larvae. The sharp fall and rise in temperature, wind, rain affects the death stray larvae. In the laboratory at 12-14 0С hatch into larvae.

     

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     City Zoo